Thursday, December 26, 2019
The High Incarceration Rate Of Juveniles - 1748 Words
The high incarceration rate of juveniles is a significant social problem that affects society as a whole as well as the youthââ¬â¢s individual welfare and developmental trajectory. Adolescents who are incarcerated in the juvenile justice system face a multitude of negative lifelong implications. The history of incarcerating youth in residential facilities such as juvenile halls, camps, ranches or group homes as a consequence for committing crimes has a deep-rooted history in the United States. ââ¬Å"For more than a century, the predominant strategy for treatment and punishments of serious and sometimes not-so-serious juveniles offenders in the US has been placement into large juvenile corrections institutionsâ⬠(Mendel, 2013, p.4). During the 18th and early 19th century, the judicial system harshly reprimanded youth and confined them in overcrowded penitentiary institutions with populations of adult offenders and the severely mentally ill (Center on Juvenile and Criminal Jus tice, 2014). Federal level policy protection of juveniles, who committed crimes and were sentenced to punishment by confinement, was not recognized until the Juveniles Justice and Delinquency Prevention (JJDP) Act was passed in 1974. The JJDP Act required that ââ¬Å"(1) youth offenders were to have ââ¬Å"sight and sound separation from adult offenders to prevent any contact between the two groups; (2) youth who have committed status offenses (i.e. curfew, truancy, alcohol possession, etc.) could not be placed in aShow MoreRelatedRacism: Incarceration of a Household Member and Hispanic Health Disparities1344 Words à |à 6 Pagesof racism are far behind; however it is clear that institutional racism still exists in this country. One way of viewing this institutional racism is looking at our nationââ¬â¢s prison system and how the incarceration rates are skewed towards African American men. The reasons for the incarceration rate disparity are argued and different between races, but history p oints out and starts to show the reason of why the disparity began. Families and children of the incarcerated are adversely affected due toRead MoreSynthesis Essay- Juvenile Incarceration Into Adult Prisons1414 Words à |à 6 PagesBoettcher 10/21/15 Pd.3 Synthesis Essay- Juvenile Incarceration into Adult Prisons Childhood is a time in which memories are created, adventures are explored and social awareness begins to develop. The events that occur during childhood are pivotal in the development of a healthy and substantial life. However, what if those experiences were taken from a child? What would the outcome be if a child could not experience what it is like to be young? Juvenile incarceration strips a person of their childhoodRead MoreThe Total Effects Of Boot Camps That House Juveniles847 Words à |à 4 PagesThe Total Effects of Boot Camps That House Juveniles: A Systematic Review of the Evidence. In the 1980s the first shock incarceration programs or boot camp was introduced for the adultââ¬â¢s correctional system. Since than it have rapidly grown, and widely adopted across the fields of corrections and juvenile justice. The attraction towards the shock incarceration program originated from the instinctive belief that military methods promote honorable behavior. However, for others, it is the effectRead MoreIncarceration Of Youth And Its Effects On Reducing Crime Essay1750 Words à |à 7 PagesIncarceration of Youth The United States leads the world in the incarceration of young people, there are over 100,000 youth placed in jail each year. Locking up youth has shown very little positive impact on reducing crime. Incarcerating youth have posed greater problems such as expenses, limited education, lack of employment, and effect on juvenilesââ¬â¢ mental and physical well-being. In todayââ¬â¢s society there has been an increase in the crimes committed by juveniles. Most juveniles have underliningRead MoreThe Incarceration Of The United States1044 Words à |à 5 Pages2016), of whom many are juveniles. It is well documented that youths who enter this system are more likely to suffer a host of negative health and lifestyle outcomes, such as alcohol/drug abuse, high school dropout, and mental health problems. Such phenomena occur in stark contrast with the aims of the US juvenile justice system, which supposedly intends to help offending youths re-assimilate back into society as productive citizens. As previously mentioned, incarceration often leads to poor mentalRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency And Urban Areas1557 Words à |à 7 PagesIn 1942, Clifford Shaw and Henry D. McKay produced Juvenile Delinquency and Urban Areas, which aimed to explain crime in urban communities using social disorganization theory. Elliot and Merrill (1934) define social disorganiz ation as ââ¬Å"a breakdown in the equilibrium of forces, a decay in the social structure, so that old habits and forms of social control no longer function effectivelyâ⬠(p.20). Using this definition and the ecological approach, Shaw and McKay argue that low economic status, ethnicRead MoreAnalysis Of Juvenile Justice Programs893 Words à |à 4 PagesIntroduction Juvenile crimes in North Carolina are at an eight year high. Instead of funding more detention facilities across North Carolina, theà state should provide the funding for implementing effective treatments and programs to offer a chance of rehabilitation. Juveniles areà faced with lockdown facilities that suppresses cognitive growth and development. Currently, instead of funding being used for treatmentà and programming, it is being set aside to build new facilities which will produceRead MoreAmerica s High Prison Population1511 Words à |à 7 PagesAmericaââ¬â¢s High Prison Population Since the 1970s, Americaââ¬â¢s prison population rate has risen 700%. Despite the U.S. comprising only 5% of the worldââ¬â¢s population, it is the largest jailer with 25% of the worldââ¬â¢s prison population with one in 99 adults in prison and one in 31 under some type of correctional control (Mass Incarceration Problems, 2014, p. 1). According to 2013 data, 2.2 million are currently incarcerated in U.S. prisons or jails (Incarceration, 2013, para. 1), a figure that indicatesRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice System And Juvenile Offenders941 Words à |à 4 Pagesways in which the juvenile justice system responds to female offenders. Historically juvenile female offenders have been treated under status offense jurisdiction (Zahn et al., 2010, p. 10). United States Courts would exercise the principle of ââ¬Å"parens patriaeâ⬠to place the female in detention as a form of punishment for misbehavior (Sherman, 2012, pp. 1589-1590). This principle also remains prevalent as it p ertains to how the juvenile justice system currently responds to juvenile female offendersRead MoreAutomatic Transfer Law: An Effective Policy? 1218 Words à |à 5 Pagesa national study of how the juvenile court judge weighs the pertinent Kent criteria. This criterion is based on the potential risk to the community, the maturity of character and amenability to intervention. The purpose of this study is three fold, first to test the juvenile court judges beliefs regarding the mechanics of how juveniles are transferred, second to examine the judges beliefs about the usefulness of data presented of them and third determined how juvenile judges weigh pertinent psychological
Wednesday, December 18, 2019
Comparing Saint Augustine and Charles Taylors Ideas of...
Comparing Saint Augustine and Charles Taylors Ideas of Authenticity The notion of authenticity is one of self-fulfillment and Charles Taylor recognizes that there are dangers in accepting modernityââ¬â¢s drive toward self-realization. However, he is not willing to give up on this idea of ââ¬Å"authenticity.â⬠In The Ethics of Authenticity, Taylor lays out a system of thought and morals that connect our search for self-realization with our desire towards self-creation. He is attempting to keep a form of individualism while still operating under objectivism. He will point out the good and damaging aspects of the modern development of an authentic self and mention the importance of some moral measurement system. Taylor claims that St.â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The fear here is that everything will be decided on a cost-benefit mentality. This leads to absurd practices of ââ¬Å"putting dollar assessments on human lives.â⬠The last worry is a lack of participation in the political realm. Individuals are enclosed in their own comfort zones and have little motivation to leave their homes and the satisfactions of their private lives to get involved. Once participation declines the more the bureaucratic state takes control and leaves the citizens powerless. This can lead to soft-despotism which Alexis de Tocqueville describes as a society where most of its members have given up being actively involved in the ordering of that society only to find out that it is run by a vast guardian-like power that discourages participation and jeopardizes political liberty. Taylor does not want to slip into the acceptance of these three malaises. He claims that all of these issues are controversial. He seems to claim neutrality between modernity knockers and modernity boosters. The knockers are those who believe that instrumental reason and modern individualism inevitably lead to a culture that is preoccupied with the self and self-indulgence and puts moral horizons and political liberty at risk. The boosters are those who accept the consequences of modernity and believe that a rejection of these will result in a culture that hinders the spread ofShow MoreRelatedManagement Course: MbaâËâ10 General Management215330 Words à |à 862 Pageshow they have outdistanced their competitors, who have not quite figured out that this is key to a companyââ¬â¢s competitive advantage. Examples abound of the power of this kind of business strength: ââ" GE was one of the pioneers. It implemented the idea of the boundaryless organization, the practice of delayering, and the policy of one-or-two-or-out market leadership. Each of these changes was part of the early process and measurement and leadership innovation that accelerated General Electricââ¬â¢s competitive
Tuesday, December 10, 2019
Legalizing Prostitution Essay Example For Students
Legalizing Prostitution Essay ProstitutionOutline Thesis: Prostitution should be legalized because not only does it financially benefit the country, but legalized prostitution could also reduce crime. I. Illegalized prostitution A. Preservation of morality B. Health risks C. Violent crime D. Costs to citizens II. Legalized prostitution A. Constitutional right B. Regular health exam C. Reduction of violent crime D. Government regulation III. Argument Prostitution is known as the oldest profession in the world, however, many states in the U.S. outlaw it. The textbook definition of prostitution is the act or practice of engaging in sexual acts for money (Prostitution, Macmillan 805). Nevada is the first in the United States to legalize prostitution. Although the long term effects of legalized prostitution is uncertain, the short term effects have been economically beneficial. Prostitution should be legalized because not only could it financially benefit the country, but it could also reduce crime. There are many rea sons why prostitution is illegal in 49 U.S. states today. First, and foremost, many people feel that prostitution should stay illegal in order to preserve morality. Parents do not want their children to grow up thinking that prostitution is acceptable. Worse yet, parents do not want to hear their children say, When I grow up, I want to be a prostitute. Christianity also looks down upon prostitution because according to their beliefs, the act of sex is only to be done when a man and a women are in love and married. Monogamy is to be practiced in the marriage, and any violation of this is considered a sin. Another reason why the preservation of morality is so important is that peoples morals shape the future of a nation. Many people feel that if prostitution is legalized, then its long term effects would be detrimental to the United States. The divorce rate in the United States peaked at an all time high in 1980 (Marriage 56). By the legalization of prostitution, this would allow room for husbands and wives to commit adultery. Thus, leading the marriage to a divorce. The divorce rate has really increased over the centuries. In the U.S. today, the divorce rate is fifty percent of the U.S. (Holland 86). Second, prostitution is a great health risk to the U.S. because of the spread of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). A major concern about STDs is the spread of AIDS, which is currently a deadly STD because a cure has not been found for the disease. The transmission of 2 STDs is already on the rise due to many uneducated teenagers having unprotected sex. In addition, most of theses teens are not going to a physician to be screened for STDs. Because of this, many curable STDs are going untreated and being spread throughout a community. Prostitution only adds to this problem because prostitutes have sexual contact on a daily basis, and rarely have themselves screened for STDs. Most of the time, prostitutes will not go to a doctor because they cant afford it, theyre too afraid, and/or they just dont want to deal with it. Unfortunately, simply ignoring the problem does not make it go away. Some taxpayers feel that this problem will only increase the cost of health care. In some cases prostitutes become pregnant and are left to raise a child on their own. For these women, their futures are uncertain because now they have a child to care for. This is another concern for taxpayers because the majority of these women will seek government assistance. With prostitution being illegal, many violent crimes against prostitutes go unreported every year. Prostitutes are often too frightened to report the crime to police. Most of the time, the crimes perpetuator is a pimp or a client. Several of the crimes committed against prostitutes include robbery, kidnaping, rape, battery, and/or homicide. Prostitutes, however, are not the only victims. Sometimes the client is also the victim. A street prostitute is already a lawbreaker, which may encourage other crime s, such as rolling clients (drugging them and stealing their money) (Street Cleaning 25). As a result, crimes associated with illegal prostitution often go unreported and without punishment. Although enforcement of illegal prostitution exhausts a great amount of time, some citizens feel that the time is well spent. Many residents complain that street prostitution brings noise, declining property values, a bad environment for children, and a health threat. Residents 3 feel that street prostitution detracts from the innocence of their childrens childhood; and no price is too high to prevent this from happening. One tactic that is being implemented by a few urban police departments is the seizure of the vehicle belonging to the prostitutes client. The driver must then appear at an impoundment garage to pay a fine and processing costs, typically around $300. All parties whose names appear on the vehicle registration-wives and employers included-must then sign if the car is to be returne d (Prostitution, CQ 32). Prostitution involves many different kinds of crimes. With this in mind, some citizens feel that if prostitution is eliminated, then many of the crimes associated with prostitution will also be eliminated or decreased. Thus, saving taxpayers money that would ordinarily be used in court fees and enforcement fees. On the other hand, a survey taken in 1993 showed that 40 percent of Americans think that prostitution should be legalized and regulated (Database 16). From the technical aspect, prostitution should not be illegal because the act itself does not infringe upon anyones constitutional right. Furthermore, no where in the constitution does it state that accepting or offering money for sexual acts is illegal. Many people, however, argue that our forefathers did not envision a nation where sex was a profession and taxable. Conversely, prostitution has been around for so long that it is almost apart of our history. No one actually knows when prostitution bega n or how it originated; yet, our forefathers had to know about prostitution, because Europe (especially France and Russia) is infamous for the prostitutes who work there. Still, the worlds oldest trade has always outwitted attempts to suppress it (Street Cleaning 24). Another reason why some citizens are calling for the decriminalization of prostitution is that it would greatly reduce the transmission of STDs. Legalized prostitution has shown that 4 prostitutes who work in brothels practice safe sex and are less likely to contract and transmit STDs. As indicated in the article entitled, Prostitution: George Flint, director of the Nevada Brothel Association, point with pride to the 20,000 monthly AIDS tests that have been performed on legal prostitutes since tests were required in 1986-with HIV showing up only among job applicants. Similarly, not a single case of AIDS turned up in a 1991 survey of 7,000 tests on 246 legal prostitutes in Nevada from 1982 to 989. By contrast, of 700 il legal prostitutes arrested in 1990 for soliciting in Nevada, 10 percent tested positive for HIV (36). Many brothels in Nevada also require its customers to go through an exam before business is able to proceed. This practice of screening customers adds to the record of safe sex in legal prostitution. With this in mind, brothels are able to control (to an extent) the statistics of STDs in legal prostitution. In summary, legal prostitution is a safer alternative to street prostitution because customers and job applicants are screened for STDs. Another benefit of legal prostitution is the reduction of violent crimes. Almost all brothels located in Nevada provide security for their workers. This creates a safe working environment for the prostitutes. Crimes against prostitutes such as robbery, kidnaping, rape, battery, and/or homicide are greatly reduced. Security is not only for the prostitutes, but it is also for the customers. This decreases the chances of prostitutes rolling their c lients. Most brothels also enforce a drug-free policy, which also adds to the reduction in violent crimes. A major advantage to legal prostitution is government regulation. Undoubtedly, the government will earn revenue from brothels and be able to monitor part of the sex industry. A 5 significant benefit to government involvement in prostitution are the regulations and standards that will be set forth for all brothels to meet. This will allow for a clean and safe environment for both patrons and workers. Government regulation would also mean the elimination of pimps. Street prostitutes are normally controlled by a pimp who usually keeps the prostitute dependent on drugs so that he/she can control the money that the prostitute makes. While many critics may maintain that prostitution is immoral and unethical, the issue cannot be denied. Prostitution happens all over the world and in most cities. A great deal of money and time is spent attempting to stop illegal prostitution. When a pr ostitute is picked up by the police, she/he usually spends a night in jail, goes to court, pays a fine, serves a short time in jail and/or completes community service. Then, the prostitute is released and is back on the streets in no time. Dennis Martin, president of the National Association of Police Chiefs, once observed that prostitution enforcement is erratic and depends completely on how much the public complains and on pressure from politicians. Its much too time-consuming, and police forces are short-staffed (qtd. in Prostitutes, CQ 32). Many citizens feel that police efforts should be directed towards more serious crimes, such as drug trafficking. With the cost of court fees, enforcement, and jail housing for the convicted prostitutes, some citizens are beginning to wonder if the government is approaching the problem correctly. In 1985 it was calculated that each of Americas biggest cities spent $12m a year fighting prostitution . . . Mr. Richwald a doctor from the Universit y of Los Angeles guesses that prostitution costs Los Angeles at least $100m a year (Street Cleaning 25). For many people, money is the bottom-line. For some citizens, however, money takes a backseat to ethics, morals, and values. Legalized prostitutionis really a question of value and judgement. Nevertheless, morals and values cannot be imposed 6 by the government. Furthermore, it is not the duty of the government to teach values to children. Instead, it is the job of parents to teach their children from right and wrong. If the government was allowed regulate morals and values to a nation, then would that same government be a democracy or a dictatorship? Prostitution today, should be legalized because it would create revenue for the government and greatly reduce crime in most cities. 7 Bibliography Database. US News World Report Nov. 1993: 16. Decriminalization of Prostitution. 10 Nov. 1999. /prostitution.html. Holland, Barbara. The Long Good-Bye. Smithsonian Magazine Mar. 1998: 86 . Legalized Prostitution. The Liberator. 11 Nov. 1999. /prostitution.html. Marriage and Divorce, 1996. Monthly Vital Statistics Report. 45.12 (1997): 44. Prostitution. CQ Researcher June 1993: 32-40. Prostitution. Macmillan Dictionary for Students. 11th ed., 1993. Prostitution and Law Enforcement: Practices and Abuses. The San Francisco Task Force on Prostitution. 10 Nov. 1999. . Prostitution Law Reforms: Defining Terms. The San Francisco Task Force on Prostitution. 10 Nov. 1999. . Street Cleaning. 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Research Essay
Monday, December 2, 2019
Reflection on Team Work free essay sample
Reviewing the three-months-long process of cooperation, I really found this experience of learning meaningful and fruitful. This reflective essay is a conclusion of my sympathetic introspection of the mistakes I made, the difficulties I confronted and the conflicts I faced. The following discussion falls into three parts, respectively the elaborations of my self-cognizance about how coordinators can improve team cohesion on the basis of mutual trust with other team roles, how we should view the conflicts occurring in the process of cooperation and how to create synergy through team work. The first lesson I have learned from the process is that mutual respect and trust come before team cohesion. Functioning as the coordinator of our team, I also played the leading role in the session of allocating tasks. In order not to be effected by subjective opinions and favoritism, I adopted drawing-lots to spread out the teamwork. Ideally all the team members would embrace the assignment, yet conflicts occurred. We will write a custom essay sample on Reflection on Team Work or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After the allocation, morale kept sinking lower. Some members thought that it was so unlucky of them to lose the parts they were good at, and they were unable to undertake their parts on hand. Then I got to realize that drawing-lots on one hand could ensure the equity in decision making, but on another hand could also reflect my unsureness and distrust of the other memberââ¬â¢s abilities. In other words, there are differences between ordering one to finish a task and entrusting one with a commission. The later helps the other team role players to produce not only a sense of being respected and trusted, but also a feeling of being expected. In order to better resolve the problems later when similar situations take place again, I have summed up two principles of how oordinators show respect and trust to their subordinates and accordingly build up team morale and team cohesion. For one thing, it is necessary to impress the equal importance of all the tasks on my team members there are no good tasks or bad tasks, but only the most suitable tasks and other less suitable tasks for you. For another, encouragement and incitement are essential to inspiring membersââ¬â¢ enthu siasm in their assigned duties. With regard to motivation, the coordinator should offer the other team members with opportunities to fulfill themselves, as well as enough room for improvement. All in all, I am going to assist my team members in sharing a tacit notion that ââ¬Å"I am designated to undertake this part not because my ability is outstanding or just the opposite, but because I can better fulfill this role than the other team members do, as far as the task itself is concerned. â⬠In retrospect, another enlightenment I have gained is that, if being well utilized, conflicts and disagreements can also produce positive effects. At the primary stage of the mission, all of the team members were intentionally trying to keep a concordant relationship with each other as well as to avoid disputes and differences. However, later on we found it impossible to put our ideas into practice, for different ideas were jumbled up without screening. It seemed that no one wanted to break the deadlock. If it were not for one of the members who cancelled all our original ideas, we might have already undergone a great frustration. The word ââ¬Å"conflictâ⬠is always related to anger, disunity and standstill. Being that as it may, when conflict exists, it generally indicates membersââ¬â¢ commitment to the team goal, because they are trying to come up with the best solutions. So conflicts can in turn promote challenges, heighten individual regards to the issues, and increase individual efforts (Laura 2005). Being a coordinator, I took up the responsibility for turning the conflicts into beneficial effects. Looking back, I could have done better in inspiring the members as an example, to pour out frankly personal opinions. It seems that such disagreements can hardly be avoided in the process of teamwork. Hence, no matter what team roles I am going to play, when faced with conflicts, I will adhere myself to the following two points: Firstly, it is better for me to speak up all my points of view. Even if these ideas may not be recognized and may finally be rejected, the other members can have the opportunities to rethink their own ideas from my perspective against the differences and disagreements. Secondly, it is beneficial for me as a team role player to respect the other membersââ¬â¢ opinions, however divergent these opinions may be from my own points of view. Because it happens that some seemingly irrational ideas are finally proved to be breakthroughs. A typical example comes from Steve Jobs who gave birth to the widely used ARM and iOS. Jobs had initially decided to base the Apple tablet on Intelââ¬â¢s Atom platform, but Tony Fadell, the father of iPod, strongly opposed the idea based on power consumption and even threatened to hand in his resignation should Jobs proceed with Intelââ¬â¢s platform (Newsle 2011). Thanks to Jobs listening to Tony, ARM and iOS have been dominating tablets and have been popular almost all over the world. Taking the example of Steve Jobs for reference, I will take any suggestion from others into consideration before drawing a particular conclusion or making a certain decision. In addition, rather than that all the members show their abilities to the full extent, it is that we set our personal interests below the best interests of the team as a whole, that creates synergy (Matthew 2012). Out of my team membersââ¬â¢ trust on me and also out of my willingness to show off, I tended to excessively play my leading role during the process of cooperation. I was expected to function as a leader and to orient my members, but gradually my performance deviated from their expectation. Although I made efforts to figure out all the details so as to lead the members to the right direction, the thing is that, when I was telling them what to do and how to do it, I actually was also setting limits to restrict their performances. The idealist objective of teamwork is to create obvious synergies. In other words, a successful team should produce an effect greater than the sum of individual effects. Via applying speculative knowledge to practical operation, I have concluded several new ideas on how to build up a synergetic team. First of all, a synergetic team requires the team members to make certain sacrifices, including restraining oneself for the balanced development of other team members. On the contrary, members who have limited abilities should try to move forward and realize self-transcendence. Just as the capacity of a bucket depends on its shortest board, the capacity of a team is largely related to the weak links in the process of teamwork. Only when there are concerted efforts from all the team members, then a synergetic team can be set up. To sum up, there are still many weaknesses to be improved despite I have performed well in the team. Were it not for the efforts and cooperation from all the team members, I may not have overcome the difficulties I met with, let alone got rid of the mistakes I made unconsciously. The lessons I have learned from this experience will also be applied later in my career. Whatever team role I am going to play, being as a component of the whole team, I will give priority to team benefits and prevent myself from making a showy display of my abilities. Further more, I will try to appreciate the other membersââ¬â¢ opinions and make the most of their suggestions. Additionally, I will view conflicts in a rational way so as to create positive effects for my team.
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